Are 1978 Pennies Worth Anything - 1975 Penny Value Guide (“P,” “D,” “S,” & Rare Error Coins).

1979 pennies are worth at least 2x face value! Some are worth much more. All prices are the current market price. Step one is to confirm exact Date and Mint Mark variety. The 1978-D Cent is part of a series of Lincoln obverse; Memorial reverse coins struck from 1959-2008. 1934-1958 no mintmark, D, or S copper wheat penny: 5-10 cents if well worn. 1978-D Dollar Coin Value (Denver) The 1978 dollar coin with a “D” mint mark was struck in copper-nickel clad to the tune of 33,012,890 pieces. An uncirculated 1978-D dollar coin is typically worth $3 to $7. Uncirculated pennies are also very affordable, with one graded MS67 priced at $7. slc metro jail roster Right now, the current price for both Lincoln S and D penny worth around $2 to $8 at most for the …. Most 1967 coins minted were released into circulation, and …. But the 1981 penny value is not limited to that. 5 inch dic 1983 doubled die penny — $200+. The 1971 RD DDO penny in MS 65 grade – $10,925 in August 2007. The 1987 Memorial penny looks the same as other Lincoln In this videos we talk about a valuable coin worth money and that is the 1987 Lincoln Memorial Penny. diy candyland walkway All 1978 coins in order by year, and then by mint. Here’s what the values look like: MS 64: $10. Uncirculated examples often cost between 10 and 30 cents. A 1980 twofold die obverse (heads side) penny with a thicker date and “LIBERTY” inscription, on the other hand, can range in price from $35 to $250+, depending on the coin’s condition. If you have uncirculated 1969 Lincoln cents, proof 1969 pennies, or believe you have a 1969 doubled die cent, here are the values of those pennies — along with mintage numbers (how many of each coin was made):. The 1971 S RD penny in MS 67+ grade – $4,500 in September 2013. I'll tell you what these are worth: a 1976 quarter with no mintmark, a 1976 D quarter, and a 1976 S quarter. It’s kind of hard to suggest anything that was made to the tune of more than half a billion could be rare. penny became a zinc-coated steel penny, weighing 2. There’s a small premium at MS65 ($16 for Denver, compared to $14 for Philadelphia). Here’s a rundown of values for the scarcer Indian pennies: 1861: $23. What This Coin Looks Like (Obverse, Reverse, Mint Mark Location, Special Features, etc. Today we are going to be learning the ins and outs of this coin, including its history and the . This no-mint mark specimen is the only certified 1974 Aluminum in private hands. 1944 Lincoln wheat cents were made with metal recycled from ammunition shells. The Philadelphia Mint struck over 5. These penny stocks to sell have had a horrible run in the stock market and it's all for a good reason. But if they’re in excellent condition, or they have an interesting Mint error, I have a 1957 no mint mark wheat penny with the letter (L) on Lincoln’s face!!! Can you tell me if it’s worth anything your response will be highly appreciated you can contact me through my Gmail. 5 million for Mint sets was tiny relative to the over 1 billion coins produced for circulation. How much is 10 lb of pennies worth? Ten pounds (lbs) of pennies would be equivalent to approximately $18. well then, ya learn somthin' new eberyday. You will spot the most prominent doubling in the denomination “ONE CENT. Here’s how much a 1999 Wide AM penny is worth: Even the most well-worn examples of the 1999 Wide AM penny are worth around $100. 50 cents 1997-2003 nickel redesigned arms CANADA 1999 50 CENTS ELIZABETH II D G REGINA. Some are worth even more than that. One Queen Elizabeth II penny dated 1954 is estimated to be worth over $114,000, reports VIP Art Fair. The most valuable 1955 proof Wheat penny is a sole deep cameo graded PR69. 1990 Memorial Reverse – Zinc – No Mint Mark – $20,700. World Gold Coins Value Guide; Coin Melt Values & Spot Prices; Auction Results. Even if you could tell a worn 1965 SMS penny broken out of its cellophane SMS set packaging from a regular 1965 penny, the circulated special strike really wouldn’t be worth any more than its copper value of about 2 …. 1971 no-S Jefferson proof nickel — $900+ s. Like all the pennies minted in other years, the 1978 penny is worth a cent ($0. A list of pennies in the current pool of circulating United States currency. 1930 cent varieties have three Date and Mint Mark Combinations. The 1944 D Wheat Penny had the second-highest mintage in the series- 430,578,000. Here are some of the most important pieces and what they’re worth… See more. That increases to $80 if it’s a cameo, and $600 if it’s a deep cameo. How much is a 1978 no mint penny worth. Coins with a “D” mint mark were made in Denver. USA Coin Book Estimated Value of 1972-S Lincoln Memorial Penny is Worth $1. Apr 15, 2024 · Step by Step Method to Old US Penny Values. Only uncirculated red 1978 Lincoln pennies have any significant value. InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips AI penny stocks provide investors with higher-risk, higher-upside exp InvestorPlace - Stock Market N. corvairs for sale on craigslist florida The coin can fetch up to $125 in uncirculated grades or more for red gem coins in mint state. Required fields are marked * Comment *. Wheat pennies begin at 2 cents to highs found with early colonial large cents valued in the thousands. 1984 doubled die penny — $150+. Sometimes mistakenly called the 1969-S double die by some collectors, the 1969-S Lincoln doubled die cent is truly a fantastic variety. 1966 Penny value Chart: Condition: 1966 No Mint Mark penny: MS 60: $0. Historically, for example, uncirculated and ungraded steel pennies minted in San Francisco (1943-S) have sold for 15-60 cents, while uncirculated and ungraded 1943 steel pennies. History of the 1978 Silver Dollar. Part of my series every week highlighting a different coin you may find in pocket change or in a collection worth money. Frequently Asked Questions About Lincoln Penny Errors What Pennies Are Worth Keeping? Every Lincoln cent struck before 1982 (except for the 1943 wheat penny) were made from a mostly copper composition. A total of 3,799,071,500 pennies carry the 1964 minting date. 1969-S Lincoln Penny-Doubled Die Obverse. They’re worth a few dollars each. Other kinds of errors that can be found on 1970s quarters are: Off-center errors – worth $15 to $25 or more. Most magazines are worth between $5 and $20, though some are quite valuable. 25 cents, but some well-preserved coins are worth $40 to …. While it’s illegal to melt pennies for their copper value, coin hoarders still save old copper pennies anyway. In fact, billions were made! The total output of 1988 pennies from the Philadelphia Mint was a whopping 6,092,810,000 coins — and many of these still turn …. Old Coins Identification chart. The most expensive Type 2 coin was sold for $3,819 at an auction in 2013. For information about grading U. View retail prices from actual, documented dealer transactions. The record auction price paid for a 1999 Wide AM penny is $2,300. There were only around a dozen of these pennies ever minted. You should count on approximately $0. Lincoln pennies (Lincoln cents) first entered circulation in 1909 in honor of Abraham Lincoln’s birth 100th anniversary. We look the the 1978 Lincoln penny value. 00 in extra fine condition, and €50. 25 cents 1979 (1974-1989) copper-nickel. 1971-P Doubled Die Obverse: $1,000. Below are the three variations of 1978 pennies: 1978 No Mint Penny value. Although rare, you can find no mintmark quarters from 1972 in mint state with no sign of wear and tear. In circulated condition, a brown 1969 S penny is worth $0. The most expensive 1920 Lincoln wheat penny is one piece with a sharply struck design and breathtaking red toning in an MS 67 grade. The result is a coin with an odd-looking rim (or no rim at all), and the design may be off-center. Series are identified along with dates and mintmarks. 1864 L on ribbon Indian head penny. Here are a few you may find helpful: Most Valuable Pennies – Each of these 43 pennies is worth at least $1 each! Most Valuable Nickels – These silver 5-cent pieces, Buffalo nickels, and other interesting coins are worth at least 20 cents apiece. Is the 1979 Lincoln penny worth anything? The 1979 Lincoln penny was minted in huge numbers, over 10 billion coins were minted in total, so the regular Lincoln pennies from 1979 are not worth much over their face value. Online prices realized for MS66RD 1968-D cents from both grading services typically fall in the range of $25-$30. According to the United States Mint, a 1978 penny is worth one cent. The 1867 to 1992 Canadian pennies produced for circulation have a frequency of 99% according to Numista. The 1971 RD penny in MS 67+ grade – $4,406 in June 2014. The value of 1920 pennies ranges from only a few cents to a few thousand dollars. This coin will only fetch about $7. Series: Lincoln Cents 1959 to Date. Condition is judged comparing to images, video and descriptions. 6 days ago · The 1978 Washington quarters graded MS 60 to MS 65 don’t exceed one dollar in price. The Value Of Bicentennial Sets. Expectedly, the 1977 D nickels with Full Steps (5 or 6 steps in front of Jefferson’s home) cost more. US Auction Central; 1978(o) 50 Cents: 2,023,000 Shop eBay! Shop MA-Shops! $ 1978(o) …. Despite missing Red surfaces, the coin looks completely original and is in great condition. However, in early 2014 a San Diego resident claimed to own a 1974-D aluminum coin. An example graded a point higher is worth about $375. Thank You for watching and as . MS66 usually has 1978(P) for themed. Their larger number makes these coins less costly. There were over 300 million 1973 S pennies struck in San Francisco. And at the top grade for 1960 large date Denver pennies, MS67, the value is $475. The 1984 MS 65 BN Lincoln penny was worth less, and one collector paid $2,760 for it in 2003 at the same auction. The government says that the costs of producing and distributing pennies outweigh the benefits. 1978 Lincoln Penny $9 1975 Lincoln Penny $9 1974 S Lincoln Penny $9 1974 D Lincoln Penny $9 1974 Lincoln Penny $9 1973 S Lincoln Penny $9 1973 D Lincoln Penny $9 Are wheat pennies worth anything? Most wheat pennies are worth slightly more than face value, but certain key dates and high-grade examples can be worth …. 1978 D (Coins Lincoln Memorial Penny) prices are based on the historic sales. Here are ten rarest 1978 penny varieties worth a fortune that I can suggest: 1. The 1958 red-brown coins are slightly more expensive. By Brittany Alexandra Sulc, updated on April 16, 2024. 50+; Old Lincoln Wheat Penny Values. It’s the reason why 1976 Pennies aren’t counted as part of the 1776 – 1976 Bicentennial Series. A 1992 Close AM penny grading Mint State-61 sold for $1,703. With an exception of the War Nickels 1942-1945 (56% copper, 35% silver, and 9% manganese minted during World War II) it has always contained 75% copper and 25% nickel. So the Jefferson Wartime Nickels were made of 56% copper, 35% silver, and 9% manganese instead. At BullionByPost we stock a huge range of valuable old pennies starting from around £60 at the time of writing. The Denver Mint coined 3,549,576,588 pennies in 1973, so in terms of volume, it’s not especially rare. The melt and minimum value of a 1 cent 1978 is $0. The most expensive is the 1965 SP 68 SMS RD Lincoln penny that was paid $2,990 at Heritage Auctions in 2009. The best-graded red coins in MS 68 grade are estimated at $225. 35 to $15, depending on their grade. 27 billion) minted; 25 to 50+ cents. Pinch A Penny Pool Supplies is one of the leading providers of pool supplies and services for residential. 25 cents 1973 (1971-1973) copper-nickel. For example, an 1886-O (New Orleans) Morgan silver dollar is worth about $25 in a grade of Very Good-8, which is a well-worn grade corresponding to a heavily circulated coin. In uncirculated condition, a 1977 Eisenhower dollar no mint mark is usually worth $4 to $7. Thus, the meltdown value of a pre-1982 penny was about 70% more than the …. Quite a number exist in mint state, and it’s easier to find these coins than to find the no-mint mark and Denver ones. Clipped planchets – worth $20 or more. At the Denver location of the US Mint, they produced 5,373,235,000 pennies in 1981! Needless to say, between Philadelphia and Denver alone, there are plenty of these pennies in circulation. A coin at that grade is valued by the PCGS at $85. Both the 1977 D penny and the 1977 penny without a mint mark are worth about $1 in uncirculated condition with an MS 65 grade. Values and details of proof-like, specimen and proof coins are grouped under not intended for circulation tab. Dec 7, 2022 · This video is all about the 1978-D Penny. With over 3,000 PR 69 DCAMs, they’re only $20. That was on 13 th February 2023. Similarly to the previous varieties of the 1944 Wheat Penny, this penny with a D mint mark is worth around $0. A worn 1973-S penny has a value of about 2 cents — due to the copper metal content. Anthony dollar was an American coin minted for just four years: 1979–1981, and again in 1999. Inside the sections, the coins are sorted by denomination - from large to small. Liberty Head V Nickel (1913) The Buffalo Nickel became the new design for the five cent piece in 1913. Rarity: Original rolls still exist. 1978 and 1979 are still in mint bags – 1979 has never been opened. Here a list of the top 10 most valuable pennies and what they are worth to date: Circus elephant briefly escapes, walks through Butte, Montana streets:. Today, we will be talking about the 1955-D penny that can be worth much more than a few cents due to a small error, variety, or abnormality found on a select. Unlike Lincoln cents made from 1909 to 1942, which are 95 percent copper and 5 percent tin and zinc, …. A PR 63 coin is worth $2, while a PR 64 penny is worth $4. The 1971 S CAM penny in PR 68 grade – $4,700 in July 2018. In mint state MS 60, the coin can cost from $1. 49) We do our best to provide precise spot prices; however, during times of market volatility, prices may not be to-the-minute accurate. In 1984, a few pennies escaped the eye of the U. Lincoln Cent (Modern) (1959 to Date) Auction Prices Population CoinFacts. (In other words, they also tend to sell for melt value. magnum x7 not priming The Denver mint had the highest Lincoln penny mintage in 1987. Coins were originally evaluated using words to reflect their condition (Good, Fair, Excellent, Etc. For starters, it is the only proof Lincoln penny without a mint mark. 10 Most Valuable Barber Half Dollars. If you have a 1978 quarter that is in extremely fine condition, then you may have a coin worth around 50 cents. Images used to locate mint marks finds its exact place on the chart. However, valuations for coins graded MS67 and higher vary more. The Sheldon Scale goes from poor (P-1) to perfect mint state (P-1) (MS-70). This coin is worth about $1,000 in PCGS MS65 Brown, or $34,000 less than a PCGS MS65 Red and about $1,500 less than a PCGS MS65 Red Brown example. The World Wide Web is known for its nearly unprecedented "free content. The most valuable nickels include the 1913 Liberty Head V nickel worth $5. The composition was changed to a copper-coated zinc alloy in 1973. 1988 Penny Value (no mintmark) The 1988 penny without a letter (a. In 2018, a Denver Memorial Penny graded MS 68 was worth a paltry $260. 1940-S penny (San Francisco) — 4 to 7+ cents. kidnapped by my mate pdf free download Their assessed price range is. The Lincoln penny was made of 95% copper, 5% zinc from 1959 until 1985. As a result, 1965 silver quarters and 1965 silver dimes are rare finds that could be worth a lot of money. 11 and a Proof PR-63 will net you around $148. All Coins; Most Valuable; Most Popular ↓. Canadian Penny Year 1978, 1 Cent Coin Maple Leaf Exact Coin. However, if the 1978 penny has preserved its mint state over the years and has a high grading, it can sell for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Coins issued in 1978 have now been circulating for 46 years. Coins Guide proposes that a regular, circulated 1992 memorial penny is worth its face value, irrespective of the mint location. The 1978 Mint Set (Buy on eBay) contained a total of twelve coins struck at the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities. The Indian Head penny is a beloved collectible that has been around since the late 19th century. You can earn up to $30 for the uncirculated ones. At grade MS67, you can expect your brown 1969 S Lincoln penny to fetch $7. spa finder spas Coin Value Price Chart for Lincoln Memorial Cent 1C. 1919-D penny — A 1919-D penny is from the Denver Mint. 1978 P United States One Cent Specifications. Only precious pennies with beautiful red toning cost more, like the 1961 MS 67 RD Lincoln Memorial penny sold at Great Collections in 2013. Here’s how much they’re worth: A circulated 1978-D dollar coin is worth $1. The Denver Mint struck 198 million Lincoln pennies in 2009 and also covered all four designs. This coin is worth an estimated $160,000. Type: Lincoln Penny; Edge: Plain; Mint mark: No mint mark; Place of minting: Philadelphia; Year of minting: 1978; Face value: $0. All 1978 pennies are worth more than face value!. 5% copper; A lighter weight of 2. Pennies produced for circulation but were never used are known as uncirculated coins, and their value is about 10-20 cents per piece for the 1967 Lincoln variety. One brown 1947 S penny graded MS65 sold at auction in 2011 for $150. If you've found a 1776 to 1976 quarter (a Bicentennial quarter) in your pocket change, then you probably want to know what it's worth and if it's a rare coin or not. There are several “D” and “S” mintmark pennies from the 1910s and 1920s that are worth tens of dollars apiece. A double die 1977 penny has double features, such as inscriptions, and it is worth at least $25 to $100. 10 to $35, depending on their appearance and quality. A 1978 Denver dollar graded MS65 is worth about $45, $13 more than the Philly equivalent. Superb Gem 1978-D Lincoln Memorial Cent PCGS MS66RD Denver Lincoln Memorial [eBay] $32. The Kennedy Lincoln Penny is an example of a counterstamped coin. The reasons for the different values vary — some may be better preserved then others. A pre-1982 penny consists of 95% copper and 5% zinc. Despite being an increase of over 1. stores that sell brunt boots pm 63 jig The most valuable 1988 red penny is in MS 68 rating and is worth $250. 1963 Memorial Reverse – Copper – $40,250. The 1977 penny value usually exceeds its face value with some expensive exceptions. f1 fantasy espn (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 1978 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint. nickels are worth in these easy to use, nickel coin value and price guides. Red examples graded MS62 (the MS stands for “mint state) are worth around $4. ” A typical 1983 doubled die penny is worth $100 to $250+. 1925 Stone Mountain half dollar with letter or number counterstamps — $500+. San Francisco in 1920 produced less than 1 seventh (46,220,000) the number of pennies than Philadelphia. The nickel is one of the most valuable coins minted in terms of its actual intrinsic metal value. Explore Related Lincoln Penny Values. But for an idea, here’s what the red-brown 1974 S mint mark penny values look like: MS 64: $5. 00: 4d 2h left: 1978 United Kingdom - 2 New Pence - 915 - Bronze - 7g: $12. Also, even if could fit, there would be tens of thousands or more of identical pieces in circulation. Using a step by step method discovers how much your old pennies are worth. 1919-S penny — A 1919-S penny was struck at the San Francisco Mint. 1911 Penny Value Guide: Have A Rare 1911-D Penny Or A 1911-S Penny? See What All 1911 Wheat Pennies Are Worth. Ok it appears to have uploaded! The one on the right is a 2014 penny (shiny) with a 'D' clearly under the date. As for a 1978-p penny, it’s worth about $2. However, an uncirculated one can be worth up to around 35 cents now! 1981 D Penny value. The 1983 penny in MS 63 grade is $0. Exploring the value of a 1978 Lincoln Penny. 50 to $1, but those with Full Bands in an MS 67 grade are more expensive. This price does not reference any standard coin grading scale. Find out how much your 1979 pennies are worth. While you can pull them out of circulation for no more than their face value, you can also buy graded examples at low prices. khalil thothub Coins from the Denver mint have a low value in their circulated versions. Most 1999 Wide AM pennies have a value of $150 to $300. CANADA PAIR 1978 1 CENT ERRORS - BOTH ROTATED APPROX 90 DEGREES - NGC MS65. The PCGS places its value today at $51,000. 35, which is slightly more than the coin’s face value. Targeted to coin collectors of all levels, the U. The most valuable Canadian Victorian quarters in circulated (XF40) condition are the 1875-H ($4,400), 1889 ($2,100), and 1880-H "Wide 0" ($1,950). The sales record for a 1975-D Penny graded MS 67+ RD is $4,113 set on 21 st March 2014. The one on the left is a shiny penny with 2014 and no letter under the date. The better-ranking ones have a price ranging from $0. So save all of your 1970 pennies! But what are those 1970-S Small Date pennies worth? How about the proof 1970 penny or the 1970-S Large Date doubled die penny?. And there were 4,280,233,400 made — so there are certainly a few floating around in circulation just waiting to wind up in your stack of old copper pennies! Average-quality uncirculated 1978-D Lincoln pennies are worth 7 to 15 cents each. Here’s a list of the top 25 most valuable pennies: 1943-S copper Lincoln Wheat Penny, $185,000 – The 1943-S copper cent is the one of the most valuable small cents, with one example having sold for a cool $1 million at an auction in 2012. fred seipt obituary "texas month to month lease agreement pdf" This coin has a total mass of 2. Even though the number of perfectly preserved pieces is lower than. And since copper has increased in value in recent decades, more people are saving pre-1982 Lincoln Memorial pennies — all of which contain this mostly copper format. A 1955 proof Wheat penny graded PR66 is worth about $40. Lance's answer notwithstanding, I imagine pop top 78s are higher condition rarities than 87s, so I'll say the 78s are worth more. It’s because this mint struck the 1969 penny in high numbers. Rolls containing fifty uncirculated 1971 1ps are easily purchased for under £5. Although this penny isn't very rare, it's still quite valuable. The estimated value of the 1978-D Lincoln Memorial Penny associated with the US Pound is $0. Of all the cents currently in circulation these pennies are worth the most money. Broadstrike coins will also often be wider than they’re supposed to be. The story behind copper 1943 Lincoln Pennies is presumed to be a pure. 1978 NGC MS66RD Canada Small One Cent - Uncirculated Set Issue - Penny - 1C RED. Steel pennies also weigh less than their copper counterparts — 2. Feb 12, 2021 · The 1975 No S Proof Dime is the rarest and most valuable of the No S Proofs, with only two coins known. Common date 1870-1901 Canadian quarters are worth from $50 to $100 in moderately circulated condition. One collector bought it on eBay for $260 in 2016. And the value at PR69, one point away from a flawless coin, is just $15. A 2000 penny that is 1% to 3% off center is extremely common and carries little if any extra value. However, the question is how much. 1976-D Penny Value: $7: $40: $450: $1,000: N/A: No D Proofs: 1976 Penny Value Guide. From 1965 onwards, Roosevelt dimes stopped being made of silver and were made of clad metal instead. But that’s not the only place to find rare dimes! Check rolls of dimes for old and valuable pieces — You can buy a roll of dimes from any bank or financial institution for $5 (the face value of the 50 dimes in the roll). 1980 D pennies have the same uncirculated coin value, although an MS 67 grade of this kind has been sold for $1,750. How Much Is A 1978 Penny Worth Today? The 1978 penny isn’t that really expensive today. The 1989 MS 63 brown penny (Memorial) won an auction record of $920 in 2007. They're not retail or "catalog" values like you find virtually everywhere else. Even a proof 1980 cent graded PR67 is worth less than $5. 50 even in mint, uncirculated condition. Looking carefully, if you have the right coin, you will clearly see that the ear is doubled. It's part of The Fun Times Guide network of …. This video is all about the 1978 Penny. The ordinary 1975 penny is valued the same as its face and melt value which is $0. As you can see, the vast majority of these coins are indeed just worth their face value of $0. While most 1976 Eisenhower dollars spot an S mint mark showing they were produced in San Francisco, some were struck without the mint mark. In circulated condition, 1978-D Dimes are worth between 15 and 35 cents. 5p) continued in use up until 1980 and it also gave merchants the ability to charge for things …. Proof 1978-S Nickels with little to no cameo are worth the least, and they’ll be asking for between $0. However, there is an MS 68 red coin that has been sold for $8,000. 1978: 10 Cents: 25,008,000 Shop eBay! Shop MA-Shops! $ 1978 Proof: 10 Cents: 19,000 Shop eBay! Shop MA-Shops! $ 1980: 10 Cents: 5,040,000 Shop eBay! Shop MA-Shops! The prices listed in the various NGC Price and Value Guides are compiled from a number of independent, third party sources in the numismatic community which NGC believes to be. Even the best specimen will cost you up to $700. Over 108 million were minted in 1907 making them the most widely available Indian Head cents available. Investors should pass Mullen by and shift their focu. no mintmark, proof (Philadelphia) 875,652. 1982 Penny (Rarest & Most Valuable Sold for $18,800) …. These coins were intended for international circulation. At the time this article was written the coin is worth. The new mint mark punch was used on all six Proof coins produced in 1979. The US currency system is decimal based, where 1 cent = 1/100 of a dollar. 1978 Doubled Die Obverse Penny …. tyler tx escourts In general, circulated condition, the 1985-D penny is worth about $0. Such a high number is one of the reasons for their moderate value nowadays. 02 USD in their good, fine, and extra fine state.