Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1 Quizlet - abnormal psychology chapter 1 Flashcards.

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-the scientific study of abnormal behaviour undertaken to describe, predict, explain and change abnormal patterns of funtioning. statistically rare and undesirable. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal behavior, psychoanalytic view, humanistic view and more. what are typical effects of inhalants. b) a breakdown in emotional functioning. what was the ancient name and characteristic for black bile. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Chapter 1, Defining Abnormality, What is Abnormal Psychology: and more. EXAM 1 - abnormal psychology chapters 1-4. , Over the course of a lifetime, …. hobby lobby furniture sale 2022 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the meaning of duration of symptoms?, What types of impairments are considered in identifying a mental disorder?, Mental disorder and more. To confirm that the treatment resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (a) and. Chapter 1 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. German physician Johann Weyer believed that the mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body Across Europe, religious shrines were devoted to the humane and loving treatment of people with mental disorders. Abnormal Psychology: An Overview Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. (b) a scientific study of how and why people become unique in ways that are potentially maladaptive. abnormal behavior is influenced by categories such as. The scientific study of mental disorders. People with the label are seen as different 4. Delirium Tremens is also known as _______. rv for sale mn craigslist - Treatment: Trephination (make a hole in the skull to release evil spirits) and exorcism. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like (True or False) The standard clinical definition of "abnormal behavior" focuses exclusively on an individual's level of impairment. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Attachment theory, Chromosomes, Classical conditioning and more. chapter 1 essentials of abnormal psychology. Abnormal Psych Chapter 4 terms. Characteristics of abnormality. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1: Class and Text Notes Wash U Fall 2016 Profesor Oltmanns Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. 3) Clinically significant distress. What are the 5 general definitions for mental disorders? Click the card to flip 👆. clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior. - Outcast, abandoned, put to death. Cultural relativism This perspective holds that there are no universal standards or rules for labelling a behavior as abnormal. apartments for rent in bradenton fl under $800 Course: Abnormal Psychology (PSY 353) 4 Documents. ICEV: Animals in Research - CC. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In 1997, what percentage of undergraduate male college students reported being dissatisfied with their weight?, The neurotransmitter that may be associated with eating disorders is:, The peak age during which women develop anorexia nervosa is: and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Chapter 14 covers disorders characterized by_____. Abnormal Psychology: Chapter 15. Trauma and Dissociative Disorders. -a condition that affects the way in individual thinks, feels, behaves, executes normal daily activities, & (often) interacts with others-no single cause for any one disorder. studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world. legacy studios discount codes 2022 104 terms · Psychological disorder → a psychological dysfunction wi…, Psychology → science with the primary objec…, Phobia → a psychological disorder chara…, Abnormal Behaviors → psychological dysfunction with…, Psychological Dysfunction → - break down in cognitive, emo…. ) trained healer - trained and whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his/her social group. the scientific study of troublesome feelings, thoughts, or behaviors associated with mental disorders. Also known as psychopathology; the subfield of psychology that addresses the causes and progression of psychological disorders. 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Abnormal Psychology: Chapter 1 - Defining Abnormal Behavior. , _____ is a form of sexual masochism in which participants become sexually aroused by being deprived of oxygen-for example, by using a noose, plastic bag, chemical, or pressure on …. Abnormal Psych Ch 1 (Barlow) 49 terms. ) Is influenced by the other dimensions. Some have a PsyD from a graduate program that emphasizes clinical training more than research training. The patient is probably, Research in the field of abnormal psychology is …. 2-notes individual's thought process. People may have "problems in living" but not "mental illness. - Maladaptive eating behaviors often start as attempt to cope with negative feelings about weight. Associated with significant distress or disability in important realms of life. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Deviance notion of abnormality, Distress notion of abnormality, Szasz's 'anti-psychiatry' and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, 5 criteria for dignosing a psychological disorder, biological explanation for abnormal behavior and more. the approach used by biological researchers in which they examine variations in chromosomes and connect them to performance on psychological tests or diagnosis of specific disorders. Following from the biopsychosocial perspective, abnormal behavior is seen as reflecting a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors as these evolve over time in the individual's growth and development. A behavioural or psychological syndrome or pattern that is present in an individual and that reflects some kind of underlying psychobiological dysfunction. When you start this type of plan, you wi. The abnormal behaviors that are specific to a particular location or group Abnormal Behavior Conduct that is inconsistent with the individual's developmental, cultural, and societal norms; creates emotional distress; or interferes with daily functioning. Criteria for Determining Abnormality. penske trailer rental ford explorer Pages 1-37 Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. • Children seen as servants of the state. Like any health topic, though, it is important to know the basics so that you can better understand your b. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like ABAB Design, Abnormal Psychology, Acute and more. Chapters 1-4, Theodore Tomeny is the instructor study guide test chapter abnormal psychology historical and modern perspectives normal vs. A trained, socially accepted healer is accepted by the sufferer and his/her social group. PSY 100 Final Exam {New Material} 88 terms. a disorder marked by violent emotional outbursts, memory loss, suicidal thinking, involuntary body movements, and absurd beliefs. Anxiety and stress disorders Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. In the business world, abnormal spoilage refers to the unusual loss of goods or wo. trafficmaster sonoma beige tile 4 things that characterize a mental disorder. organic remedies website Compared to projective tests, personality inventories. A specialized area in psychology dedicated to the SCIENTIFIC STUDY of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, explain, predict, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. Workers in the field of abnormal psychology; they gather information systematically so that they can describe, predict, explain the phenomena they study. Criteria for determining abnormality. -There are situational, environmental, cultural considerations as to whether a behaviour is abnormal or not. 2021 f150 lowering kit abnormal exam 1 practice quizzes ch 1-2. kat timpf perforated bowel -Dysfunction alone does not necessarily indicate psychological abnormality. -Disorganized behavior/catatonia. PSYCH 102 psychological disorders part 1. Psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Abnormal Psychology, Psychological Disorder, 46% and more. For example, a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year, a figure called the ________ of the disorder. -persistent negative, unpleasant emotions. Terms in this set (146) abnormal pyschology. 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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Goodness of fit, Culture, Culture-bound syndrome and more. the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes. Any behavior that causes the person distress. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like DSM-5 mental disorder definition, 350, 100 and more. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 2. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Anal Stage, Analytical Psychology, Asylums and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like This is a behavior that is culturally inappropriate, accompanied by subjective distress, and involves a psychological impairment. 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According to the DSM-5 (2013) a Manic Episode Is - A period of abnormal elevated or irritable mood lasting for at least one week or requires hospitalization. Methods used to offer immediate, short-term help to individuals who experience an event that produces emotional, mental, physical, and behavioral distress or problems. zillow apartments maine Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Somatoform Disorders, Hysterical Somatoform Disorders, 1. impaired coordination and judgement, slurred speech, dizziness, and euphoria. Bariatric surgery is one option for people who are morbidly obese. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Abnormal Psychology, Psychotherapy, People with deteriorating mental conditions can appear and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like somatic symptom disorder, 3 features from DSM-5 for SSD, illness anxiety disorder and more. Improve your grades and reach your goals with. abnormal psychology chapter 1 learning objectives. This includes distress, disability, or impaired functioning, violation of social norms, and dysfunction. emotional distress, such as anxiety or depression, or with impaired behavior or ability. Definition of Abnormal Behavior? Click the card to flip 👆. level of functioning in one or more major areas is markedly below the level prior to onset. for use with Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 6th edition Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Experts in abnormal psychology view the abnormality of emotions, thoughts, or behaviors as a. Abnormal Psychology Rutgers Chapter 1 Exam 1. Behaviors are abnormal only if the individual. abnormal behaviors thoughts and feelings that are highly unusual for social context, the source of significant individual distress, significantly interfering with social or occupational functioning, and highly dangerous to the individual or others. not every disorder caused a person distress to the specific patient. Studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder. famy dollar What are the different chapters of bankruptcy and how do they work? Learn the differences between the four different bankruptcy chapters. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Discuss common topics and issues relevant to Abnormal Psychology. Criteria for determining Abnormality. A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and his/her social group. Have ambivalent feelings about death and show this in the act itself. 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Abnormal Psychology (Chapter 1 + 2) Get a hint. abnormal psychology 3375 chapter 1. Researcher measures 2 or more variables to see if there is an association between them. Plato classified mental disorders into epilepsy, mania, melancholia, and brain fever. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1-5. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Test Question What is psychopathology?, Define Abnormal Psychology, Potential indicators of Abnormality and more. a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate & respond to events (pavlov) Click the card to flip 👆. a group of emotional (feelings), cognitive (thinking), or behavioral symptoms that cause distress or significant problems. Clinical psychologists can: conduct psychotherapy, only prescribe meds in certain states. State marked by either a sad mood or a lost of interest in one's usual activities, as well as feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideation, psychomotor agitation or retardation, and trouble concentrating. ) People with the label are seen as different from those without, contributing to "us" vs. do not fully explain why an individual's mental processes and contents are biased. craigslist in arlington tx Does the behavior reflects a dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes? 3. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The most accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally: A. Group of emotion, cognitive, or behavioral symptoms that cause distress & significant problems. Context, Continuum , Relativism, Advantages and Limits of Diagnosis, multiple causality, Mind and Body. concerned with understanding the nature, causes, and treatment of mental disorders. Abnormal Psychology Practice Quiz 1. the scientific study of problematic. The four "Ds" of determining abnormal psychology. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1 Notes. 1%, males slightly more often than females. Chapter 12 - Abnormal Psychology. Chapter 1: What is Abnormal Psychology? Get a hint. Abnormal Psychology Ch 1 (Barlow) 70 terms. abnormal psychology unit 1 (part 3) 22 terms. - common characteristics of suicide: 1. exposure and response prevention. A psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected. Which of the following objectives of science is she applying?, Dr. Human behavior is characterized by using check boxes for symptoms that fall into abnormal categories. General Chemistry Review Cards. Korsakoff's syndrome afflicts about _______ of chronic alcoholics and involves a defect in remembering recent events. 0 (1 review) Flashcards; Learn; Test; Match; Get a …. Imani su er e d fr om separ ation anxiety as a chil d, the symptoms of. How do you want to study today? Flashcards. Abnormal CH 1 TEST - chapter 1 test questions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, The 4 D's, Norms and more. In addition to subaverage intellectual functioning, a diagnosis of _____ requires that a child show deficits relative to his or her age group in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social or interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction. chapter abnormal psychology past Skip to document University. DSM-5 Criteria Personality Disorder Diagnosis. pdf from PSY 222 at Fullerton College. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like psychological disorder, distress/impairment, dysfunction and more. Hw17 - abnormal psychology; Hw16 - abnormal psychology; Hw15 - abnormal psychology; Ch 5. belief that things will never changes and that suicide is the only solution. Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors. Abnormal Behavior is similar to a physical disease and is caused by the break down of systems in the body. People with the label are discriminated against. Unicorns are beautiful but fragile. Dysfunction - Causes interference with life. Acute Term used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense symptoms. Chapter 1 abnormal psychology test. found that people stayed in hospital 50-?? days. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology (Ch 1), 7 Indicators of abnormality (7 Indicators) (Ch 1), (7 Indicators) Subjective Distress (Ch 1) and more. Abnormal Psychology; Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like stigma, secondary prevention, public health model and more. , Explain the DSM-IV definition of mental disorders. the study of mental illness; symptoms and signs of mental disorders, including phenomena as depressed mood, panic attacks, and bizarre beliefs (pathology of the mind) Abnormal psychology. provide an explanation as to why thoughts and beliefs cannot be changed. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is abnormal psychology?, What does a scientist do?, What does a therapist do? and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like ABAB Design, Abnormal psychology, Acute and more. The application of psychological science to the study of mental disorders. Many mental disorders are brain diseases. Unpleasant or upsetting for the person or those around them. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Risk factor, Etiology, Necessary cause and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like mental disorder, mental illness, abnormal psychology and more. Focus your studying with a path. Although still able to function at work and fulfill other responsibilities, he finds himself feeling down much of the time and he worries about what is happening to him. To confirm that the treatment resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B). depersonalization-derealization disorder. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like ___________ is credited with developing the learned helplessness theory of depression. Summary of Various Mental Health Disorders and Concepts. 3-Faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 4 SG. An experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein a baseline period (A) is followed by a treatment (B). different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre. At least _______ out of every four people will experience a serious form of abnormal behavior, such as depression, alcoholism, or schizophrenia, at some point during his or her lifetime. State of persistently elevated mood, feelings of grandiosity, overenthusiasm, racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive actions. Lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group. is the view that there are no universal standards or rules for labeling a behavior abnormal; instead, behaviors can be labeled abnormal only relative to cultural norms (Snowden & Yamada, 2005). Anxiety-eliciting therapeutic technique involving having a client repeatedly experience the actual internal or. Abnormal behavior patterns take different forms in different cultures 4. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Describe how classical conditioning might cause a phobia. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Three things that classify a psychological disorder, Accepted Definition of Abnormal Behavior, What is the DSM …. Chapter 1 - Abnormal Psych Past and Present. An excess of blood created a sanguine disposition: cheerful, confident, and optimistic. Just because something is rare statistically like athletic ability it does not necessarily mean that it is abnormal. -Disorganized though and speech. emotion is viewed as centrally imp. an approach to psychological disorders based on the concept that when providing treatment to people with psychological disorders, the psychologist relies on the findings of research and in turn, when. Psychological disorder (also mental disorder) Pattern of abnormal behavior associated with: -States of significant emotional distress. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM 1 (MULTIPLE CHOICE) 106 terms. maintaining objectivity; avoiding preconceived notions and biases; reducing stigma. a self-labeled syndrome found in Latinos in which they experience a mixture of anxiety, panic, depression, and anger. Unintentional weight loss is a very non specific symptom but may be indicative of a serious illness or sudden weight loss after gri. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Hypothesis, Research Design, Research Design and more. experience of personal distress. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 10 Review. Consistent behavior patterns and interpersonal processes originating within the individual. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, psychological disorders and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Etiology is:, Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders. genital (beginning in puberty). 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It would need to hinder abilities to function on a daily basisFor example: Not being able to keep up with schoolwork or go to class is an example of maladaptive. the study of the symptoms, causes, and. Sometimes abnormal cells are detected in a smear test. Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, ABAB Design, Acute and more. Or, at least some prominent figures think so. Behavior that is inconsistent with the individual's developmental, cultural, and societal norms; creates emotional distress; or interfere with daily functioning. The problem of making causal inferences in correlational research, where the correlation between two variables could be due to their shared correlation with an unmeasured third variable. Abnormal psychology exam 1 study guide- CHAPTER 1. Essentials of Abnormal Psychology, 7th Edition (Durand & Barlow); Key terms from chapter 1, Abnormal behavior in historical context. Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met. case study (method) double-blind study. ” This is the full text of the “Responsible Blitzscaling” c. Treatment or therapy is a procedure designed to change an abnormal behavior -> more normal behavior. the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning. intermittent-explosive disorder. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like While there are numerous definitions of abnormality, MOST definitions share the following features: deviance, distress, danger, and: disinhibition. Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality. Stigma refers to the destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups considered different in some manner, such as people with mental illness Four Characteristics 1. a self-inflicted death in which the person acts intentionally, directly, and consciously. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1: People. Abnormal Psychology Test 1 Chapter 1-3. is the subfield of psychology that studies the causes and progression of psychological disorders; also known as psychopathology. pawn shops open till 7 interferes with daily functioning. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or that occurs at an irregular time. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The symptoms and signs of mental illness are known as, Which is the best description of abnormal psychology?, Determining the presence of disorder is based on several criteria, including and more. The use of assessment, interpretation, diagnosis. (Psychological Disorder): A psychological dysfunction associated with distress and/or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or a culturally expected response. false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. the clustering of certain traits, behaviors, or disorders within a given family. Psychological assessment — also known as psychological testing — is done to help a psychologist better und Psychological assessment — also known as psychological testing — is done. Scientific study of psychological disorders. Terms in this set (111) Epidemiology is. -two components: *stressor-event that creates demands. According to Wakefield, if someone is hallucinating and believes they have psychic powers, this might be advantageous in certain societies that value psychics. What are the symptoms of acute and PTSD. c) abnormal behavior is frequently a reflection of something wrong with society rather than with the individual. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Definition of abnormal psychology and what constitutes abnormal or meeting diagnostic criteria, Most common psychological disorders, Sigmund Freud's parts of personality, eg. understanding circumstances surrounding behavior is important in deciding if it is abnormal or not. Whose experiments with Little Albert helped psychologists understand the . Terms in this set (51) Abnormal psychology. qvc bose In the 4th chapter of The Today's Homeowner Story, Danny experiences success and hardships on the road from local remodeler to national TV host. Abnormal Psychology - Chapters 1-3 Study Guide. Unwanted behaviors may result from their reinforcement or. 3 methods of investigation they use: 1) Case study. abnormal behavior pattern that involves a disturbance of psychological functioning or behavior. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Continuum Model of Abnormality, Psychopathology, Cultural Relativism and more. inhalant use is most common amongst ages _____________. An intergrative model for explaining abnormal behavior in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Abnormal Psychology: Chapter 1 - Introduction and HIstorical Overview. Some theorists belie ve that bor derline personality disor der is a. any episode of inhalant use, even in first time users can result in stroke, acute respiratory distress or sudden heart failure. The study of symptoms and signs of mental disorders, including such phenomena as depressed mood, panic attacks, and bizarre beliefs. the study of how genes translate hereditary information into the instructions the gene gives for the manufacturing of …. - Weight and shape have disproportionate influence on self-concept. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ivan Pavlov, Biological, Concordance and more. QUIZ WED 11/29: Eating Disorders, Autism, and Somatic Disorders Chapter 10: Nail Disorders & Diseases. Conduct that is inconsistent with the individual's developmental, cultural, and societal norms, and that creates emotional distress or interferes with daily functioning. 1-assess person's appearance and behavior. 1: Criteria for determining abnormality. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Abnormal Psychology by Beidel, Bulik, and Stanley 3rd Edition Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ) contacts between them - a series of contacts; tries to produce certain changes in behavior, emotion and attitude. a mental health condition that negatively affects a person's emotions, thinking, behavior, relationships with others, or overall function. Abnormal Psychology Chapter #5. View Test_ Chapter 1_ Abnormal Psychology_ Past and Present _ Quizlet. automatic mimicry and synchronization of expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements of one person by another. dysfunction--- interfere with the person's ability to function in everyday life, hold a job, or form close relationships. Profile Test relationships between variables that researchers cannot . The study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population. a model of abnormal behavior that emphasizes personal growth, free will, and responsibility. and a response that is not typical or culturally expected. aritaa paul Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, asylum, culture and more. Essentials of Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1. thought of as evil spirits, began as far back as the stone age, later thought to be demons work. This study is a(n):, Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological …. Or, at least some prominent figures thi. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1-4. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Abnormal psychology, Psychological disorder, Psychosis and more. three criteria commonly used to determine whether an emotion, thought, or behavior is abnormal. These are different from the norm (culturally), are maladaptive in that they interfere with a person's typical. Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. There are four general criteria that psychologists use to identify abnormal behavior: violation of social norms, statistical rarity, personal distress, and maladaptive behavior. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Vaginismus is the conditioned response in which penile contact with the woman's genitals elicits _____. Field of psychology concened with the study, assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior Family aggregation The clustering of certain traits, behaviors, or disorders within a given family. not typical; not conforming to the type; irregular; abnormal. Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology Chapter 2. (c) the scientific study of troublesome feelings. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like one who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:, if you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:, the stated and unstated …. Studies in which a researcher attempts to emulate the conditions hypothesized as leading to abnormality.